Blockchain-Based EV Constant Function Pricer and Oraclized State of Charge Estimator

This article develops a blockchain-enabled framework for electric-vehicle energy exchange that integrates constant-function pricing with oraclized state-of-charge estimation. The system connects market sensing, oracle verification, smart-contract logic, and SOC recalibration to support trusted battery-to-battery coordination. By linking pricing and battery-state estimation through blockchain-based control, the work advances transparent and verifiable coordination for intelligent transportation energy markets.